Republic of Adygheya
Адыгэ РеспубликэA landlocked republic encircled by Krasnodar Krai, and the historic heart of the Western Adyghe peoples and the Adyghe language.
Read More →An Authoritative Resource on Adyghe Heritage
History · Culture · Heritage · Diaspora
The Circassians — who call themselves Adyghe — are an indigenous people of the Northwest Caucasus, one of the oldest ethnic communities of the region, with a presence along the northeastern shores of the Black Sea stretching back millennia.
Renowned for an intricate code of honour and conduct known as Adyghe Xabze, their society cultivated a distinctive culture of hospitality, oratory, horsemanship, and craft. The Russo-Caucasian War of the nineteenth century culminated in mass exile, scattering the majority of the nation across the Ottoman lands and, today, the wider world.
From the river valleys of the Caucasus to communities in Türkiye, Jordan, Syria, Israel, Europe, and the Americas, the Circassian story is one of resilience, memory, and an enduring devotion to homeland and language.
Within the modern Russian Federation, the Adyghe homeland endures across three republics of the Northwest Caucasus — and along the Black Sea coast, in a land that survives without one.
A landlocked republic encircled by Krasnodar Krai, and the historic heart of the Western Adyghe peoples and the Adyghe language.
Read More →Home to the Kabardian (Eastern Adyghe) and the Balkar peoples, set beneath Mount Elbrus, the highest peak in Europe.
Read More →A mosaic republic where the Cherkess (Adyghe) live alongside the Karachay, Abazin, and Nogai peoples of the highlands.
Read More →The ancient Black Sea homeland of the Shapsugs — a Circassian land that endures without a republic.
Read More →From antiquity through the great exile, the Circassian past is recorded across a growing archive of scholarly articles.
The earliest threads of Adyghe origins — from the Maykop culture and Greek colonies of the Black Sea coast to the medieval Circassian principalities.
Read Article →The protracted nineteenth-century war and the Tsitsekun — the 1864 expulsion that exiled the majority of the nation to the Ottoman Empire.
Browse Articles →A curated reading room of twenty-eight essential works — on origins and identity, custom and faith, art and language, and Circassia's encounter with the wider world.
Browse Articles →The customs of Adyghe Xabze — hospitality, dance, dress, and the dignified codes of conduct that have governed Circassian life for generations.
Explore →The Adyghe and Kabardian tongues — Northwest Caucasian languages famed for their rich consonant systems and ancient oral traditions.
Explore →The Nart sagas — a heroic epic shared across the Caucasus, peopled by giants, demigods, and the iron-willed heroine Setenaya.
Explore →Over 5 million Circassians live beyond the borders of their historical homeland.
Estimated global diaspora population
By far the greatest Circassian population, descended from the exiles of 1864.
A storied community long woven into the civic and military life of the kingdom.
Villages of the Golan and beyond, keepers of language and memory.
Two villages that have preserved Adyghe language with remarkable continuity.
Newer communities sustaining heritage across Germany, the U.S., and beyond.
Histories, memoirs, epics, and scholarship — a shelf of essential reading on the Circassian people, their homeland, and the long road of exile.
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Last updated · June 2026